@article {49636, title = {Telomere and subtelomere of Trypanosoma cruzi chromosomes are enriched in (pseudo)genes of retrotransposon hot spot and trans-sialidase-like gene families: the origins of T. cruzi telomeres.}, journal = {Gene}, volume = {346}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Feb 14}, pages = {153-61}, abstract = {

Here, we sequenced two large telomeric regions obtained from the pathogen protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. These sequences, together with in silico assembled contigs, allowed us to establish the general features of telomeres and subtelomeres of this parasite. Our findings can be summarized as follows: We confirmed the presence of two types of telomeric ends; subtelomeric regions appeared to be enriched in (pseudo)genes of RHS (retrotransposon hot spot), TS (trans-sialidase)-like proteins, and putative surface protein DGF-1 (dispersed gene family-1). Sequence analysis of the ts-like genes located at the telomeres suggested that T. cruzi chromosomal ends could have been the site for generation of new gp85 variants, an important adhesin molecule involved in the invasion of mammalian cells by T. cruzi. Finally, a mechanism for generation of T. cruzi telomere by chromosome breakage and telomere healing is proposed.

}, keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Chromosomes, Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial, DNA, Protozoan, Genes, Protozoan, Glycoproteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family, Neuraminidase, Pseudogenes, Retroelements, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Telomere, Trypanosoma cruzi}, issn = {0378-1119}, doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.014}, author = {Kim, Dong and Chiurillo, Miguel Angel and El-Sayed, Najib and Jones, Kristin and Santos, M{\'a}rcia R M and Porcile, Patricio E and Andersson, Bj{\"o}rn and Myler, Peter and da Silveira, Jose Franco and Ram{\'\i}rez, Jos{\'e} Luis} } @article {49687, title = {The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {298}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Dec 13}, pages = {2157-67}, abstract = {

The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.

}, keywords = {Alleles, Animals, Apoptosis, Base Sequence, Cellulose, Central Nervous System, Ciona intestinalis, Computational Biology, Endocrine System, Gene Dosage, Gene Duplication, genes, Genes, Homeobox, Genome, Heart, Immunity, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family, Muscle Proteins, Organizers, Embryonic, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic, Proteins, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Species Specificity, Thyroid Gland, Urochordata, Vertebrates}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1080049}, author = {Dehal, Paramvir and Satou, Yutaka and Campbell, Robert K and Chapman, Jarrod and Degnan, Bernard and De Tomaso, Anthony and Davidson, Brad and Di Gregorio, Anna and Gelpke, Maarten and Goodstein, David M and Harafuji, Naoe and Hastings, Kenneth E M and Ho, Isaac and Hotta, Kohji and Huang, Wayne and Kawashima, Takeshi and Lemaire, Patrick and Martinez, Diego and Meinertzhagen, Ian A and Necula, Simona and Nonaka, Masaru and Putnam, Nik and Rash, Sam and Saiga, Hidetoshi and Satake, Masanobu and Terry, Astrid and Yamada, Lixy and Wang, Hong-Gang and Awazu, Satoko and Azumi, Kaoru and Boore, Jeffrey and Branno, Margherita and Chin-Bow, Stephen and DeSantis, Rosaria and Doyle, Sharon and Francino, Pilar and Keys, David N and Haga, Shinobu and Hayashi, Hiroko and Hino, Kyosuke and Imai, Kaoru S and Inaba, Kazuo and Kano, Shungo and Kobayashi, Kenji and Kobayashi, Mari and Lee, Byung-In and Makabe, Kazuhiro W and Manohar, Chitra and Matassi, Giorgio and Medina, Monica and Mochizuki, Yasuaki and Mount, Steve and Morishita, Tomomi and Miura, Sachiko and Nakayama, Akie and Nishizaka, Satoko and Nomoto, Hisayo and Ohta, Fumiko and Oishi, Kazuko and Rigoutsos, Isidore and Sano, Masako and Sasaki, Akane and Sasakura, Yasunori and Shoguchi, Eiichi and Shin-i, Tadasu and Spagnuolo, Antoinetta and Stainier, Didier and Suzuki, Miho M and Tassy, Olivier and Takatori, Naohito and Tokuoka, Miki and Yagi, Kasumi and Yoshizaki, Fumiko and Wada, Shuichi and Zhang, Cindy and Hyatt, P Douglas and Larimer, Frank and Detter, Chris and Doggett, Norman and Glavina, Tijana and Hawkins, Trevor and Richardson, Paul and Lucas, Susan and Kohara, Yuji and Levine, Michael and Satoh, Nori and Rokhsar, Daniel S} } @article {49706, title = {Structure and expression of the Drosophila melanogaster gene for the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle 70K protein.}, journal = {Mol Cell Biol}, volume = {10}, year = {1990}, month = {1990 Jun}, pages = {2492-502}, abstract = {

A genomic clone encoding the Drosophila U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle 70K protein was isolated by hybridization with a human U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle 70K protein cDNA. Southern blot and in situ hybridizations showed that this U1 70K gene is unique in the Drosophila genome, residing at cytological position 27D1,2. Polyadenylated transcripts of 1.9 and 3.1 kilobases were observed. While the 1.9-kilobase mRNA is always more abundant, the ratio of these two transcripts is developmentally regulated. Analysis of cDNA and genomic sequences indicated that these two RNAs encode an identical protein with a predicted molecular weight of 52,879. Comparison of the U1 70K proteins predicted from Drosophila, human, and Xenopus cDNAs revealed 68\% amino acid identity in the most amino-terminal 214 amino acids, which include a sequence motif common to many proteins which bind RNA. The carboxy-terminal half is less well conserved but is highly charged and contains distinctive arginine-rich regions in all three species. These arginine-rich regions contain stretches of arginine-serine dipeptides like those found in transformer, transformer-2, and suppressor-of-white-apricot proteins, all of which have been identified as regulators of mRNA splicing in Drosophila melanogaster.

}, keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Blotting, Northern, Blotting, Southern, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Drosophila melanogaster, Gene expression, Gene Library, genes, HUMANS, Molecular Sequence Data, Molecular Weight, Oligonucleotide Probes, Poly A, Ribonucleoproteins, Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear, RNA, RNA, Messenger, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Xenopus}, issn = {0270-7306}, author = {Mancebo, R and Lo, P C and Mount, S M} } @article {49709, title = {Sequence similarity.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {325}, year = {1987}, month = {1987 Feb 5-11}, pages = {487}, keywords = {Adenosine Triphosphate, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Biological Transport, Active, Carrier Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, genes, HUMANS, Pigments, Biological, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/325487c0}, author = {Mount, S M} }